从《四书辑释》的编刻看《四书》学学术史

元代理学家倪士毅绍其师业，撰述《四书辑释》，对宋元以来《四书》学进行了很好的总结。元至正元年，其书由建阳刘氏日新堂初刻；七年又由倪氏本人重订完成，未及刊行；明初坊间出现了与元代另一部著名的《四书》类著作——程复心《四书章图纂释》的合编本。明永乐中胡广等纂修《四书大全》，以《四书辑释》为蓝本，进一步扩大了其影响。明宣德、正统间，王逢、刘剡在明初合编本的基础上，访得倪氏重订本，又参照元人的其他《四书》类著作，编成一部集锦式的《四书》讲章——《四书通义》。基于对《四书辑释》成书、重订及刊刻的考察，旨在探究其背后的学术动因和学术思潮，及其所折射出的宋元以降《四书》学的发展轨迹。

An Inquiry into the History of the Studies on The Four Books in View of the Editing and Engraving of the Compiled Comments on The Four Books

The Compiled Comments on The Four Books by Ni Shiyi, an idealist Confucian philosopher of the Yuan Dynasty, is a good summary of the history of the study on The Four Books from Song and Yuan Dynasties. Ni Shiyi later revised the book but never had it printed and published. In the early years of Ming, it appeared in an anthology which included another Yuan book of the same kind, Comments on Chapters and Illustrations of The Four Books by Cheng Fuxin. On the basis of this anthology, Ni's revised edition as well as other Yuan books of a similar kind, Wang Feng and Liu Shan compiled The Collected Interpretations of The Four Books. This essay, basing its discussion on an investigation into the composition, revision and engraving of The Compiled Comments on The Four Books, attempts to explore the motives and thoughts underlying this process and to chart the trajectory of the study on The Four Books starting from the Song and Yuan Dynasties.