论中国古代的文体学传统——兼论古代文学文体研究的对象与方法

近年来学术界普遍关注古代文学研究中的文体学问题，但对文体学的基本理论与方法的探讨还很不够。从侧重于语体功能的语言学的文体学与侧重于体裁功能的文学文体学这两者之间的差异来看，目前古代文学研究将文体问题简单化为体裁问题有其不足之处。中国古代存在着丰富的文体学传统，文体学是整个古代文学理论与批评的核心。传统的文体学内涵与方法，正是包括了目前学术界使用的语言学的文体学与文学文体学两方面的内涵，是真正完整意义上的文体学。古代文学的文体学研究应该充分汲取这一传统与方法。

Object & Method of Study of Ancient Chinese Literary Genre in View of the Traditional Study of Chinese Literary Genre

Recently, Study of ancient Chinese literary genre has attracted more and more attention of domestic scholars. However, few of their studies were based on the viewpoint of the basic theory & methods of the study of genre. So the author of this thesis points out the shortcomings in study of ancient Chinese literary genre, which always mistakes genre for J-Teisai, after explaining the difference between the linguistic study of literary genre that emphasizes particularly on the function of linguistic style and the literary study of literary genre that emphasizes on the function of J-Teisai. The author says, the study of literary genre is not only one of traditions of, but also the kernel of the whole ancient Chinese literary theory & criticism. Basing himself on the intensive analysis of historical materials, the author finds that the methods of traditional study of Chinese literary genre just implicated the two sides mentioned above, and is the very genre study that could cancel the difference between them. As the conclusion, the author points out that this tradition is the very source for the study of ancient Chinese literary genre.