明清易代与《圆圆曲》

吴梅村《圆圆曲》，作于明清易代期间。历来论者，皆以“冲冠一怒为红颜”为讥刺吴三桂，虽然不误，却不免失之皮相。结合明清之际史实读《圆圆曲》，互相参证，诗人创作之幽怀孤抱乃得昭然：盖借圆圆之遭际，抒兴亡之悲恨，于当日民族之劫难作沉痛之反思，表层刺吴讽陈，深层刺清，于崇祯帝自杀弃国之不智，深致惋惜，矛责及李白成军之“荒宴”，故不能承担内安外攘之历史责任。诗人的立场是民族的立场，而非仅明朝遗民的立场。

Ming-Qing Dynasty and YuanYuan Qu

YuanYuanQu, a poem of Wu Meicun, was made by during the period of Ming-Qing Dynasty. The poem was regarded as as a character sketch of Wu Sangui with a sarcastic tone. This viewpoint is right, not penetrating though. Based on related historic events, the poet's regret for unfailfilled ambition was clear. With the narration of YuanYuan's story, the poet expressed his grief for the collapse of Ming Dynasty. The poem seems to aim at giving a sarcastic narration of the story of Wu sangui and YuanYuan , but the sarcastic tone is for Qing Dynasty actually. The poet also expressed his deep regret for Emperor Chongzhen's suicide and giving up the country..He blamed "Huang Yan" in Li Zicheng's army as well. The poet stood in the position of the whole nation, ont just as a common person who lost his own country.