咏新曲于故声——改造旧经典、再造新范型的陆机乐府

魏晋文人乐府大致有三种类型:一为曹操乐府,一为(曹)丕(曹)植乐府,一为陆(机)谢(灵运)乐府。曹操乐府乃英雄之乐府,其诗中的忧患意识,天下襟怀,千古一人;曹丕曹植乐府乃文士之乐府,子桓乐府多吟人生之忧,子建后期乐府多咏失志之痛,在后世文人中最容易引起共鸣;陆机谢灵运乐府乃是士族文人之乐府,其声誉隆盛于中古之时,沉寂于明清之后。太康时代,陆机把文士乐府引入到士族文人乐府的苑囿之中。陆机不仅用绮靡的风格去改造旧经典,同时,用乐府记录和再现了贵族们的物质生活,表现出具有士族特色的功业追求。在六朝这样一个门阀士族异常兴盛的时代,陆机乐府比三曹乐府更具有典范性。

Creating New Poems Rooting from Old Mechanism: Lu Ji's Reformed Yuefu Poems

Yuefu,running by intellectuals during Weijin dynasty,consists of three parts: First,Cao Cao's Yuefu;second,Cao Pi and Cao Zhi's(Cao's brothers) Yuefu;third,Lu Ji and Xie Lingyun's Yuefu.Cao Cao's Yuefu demonstrates an inner world of a hero,who worried about the destiny of the nation and whose soul is quite broad and touching.Cao Pi and Cao Zhi's Yuefu reflects common thoughts of scholars.Pi's poems are mostly related to lifetime sorrows,while Zhi's mostly reveal how he suffered from unfulfilled ambition,which calls up common feelings of others.Lu Ji and Xie Lingyun's Yuefu is about intellectuals and nobles, which gained its reputation during mediaeval times and losed its radiance after Ming and Qing dynasty.Lu Ji introduced scholar's Yuefu into the field of view of nobles.Not only did he replaced the old tradition with his own beautiful but decadent style,but also he recorded and reproduced the materialistic life of nobles.His poems reveal the longing for remarkable success.In the time of Liuchao,when noble class is extraordinarily expanded and flourished,Lu Ji's Yuefu symbolized the model way of poem writing,compared with Cao's ones.