梭罗的自然思想及其生态伦理意蕴

梭罗对于现代环境运动有着多方面的影响。首先，他是一位细心的自然观察者，发现并表述了自然界各个部分协调统一的生态学思想，因而被人称为“生态学之前的生态学家”。其次，梭罗有着深邃的自然思想，他从爱默生的超验主义立场出发，强调自然有不领带于人的独立价值，强调自然的审美和精神意义，析力反对把自然的价值约减为经济和实用的价值，不同时代盛行的商业主义和物质主义的社会流俗进行了深化的批判，表达了在文明和荒野之间应保持平衡的思想。梭罗这些生态中论的思想要素如今得到了当代环境运动，尤其是生态伦理学的响应。

Thoreau's Thought of Nature and its Implications for Ecological Ethics

This paper explores Thoreau's thought of nature and its implications for modern ecological ethics. Thoreau was not only an ardent observer of nature who discovered and articulated the ecological principle that governs nature, but also had a deep insight about nature. Based on his Transcendental idealism, Thoreau resisted the reduction of nature to its material and economic value and emphasized the spiritual and aesthetic aspects of nature and argued for a balance between civilization and wilderness. All these ecocentric elements in Thoreau's thought proved attractive to modern ecological ethics.