哲学解释学的解释理论与复杂性探索

解释学作为一门关于理解与解释的学科,古已有之。古代神学解释学与法学解释学是关于理解、解释与应用的技巧,亦称解释技艺学。以施莱尔马赫、狄尔泰为代表的近代解释学,认为解释是排除误解进行复制,本质上是一种重建解释学,被当作人文社会科学研究的一般方法论。由海德格尔奠基,加达默尔发展完善的哲学解释学,使解释学的发展实现了从方法论向本体论的转向,加达默尔围绕着理解这个论题建立了一套完整的哲学解释学体系,包括:理解是此在的存在方式;理解是在成见的推动下不断创新的过程;视域融合是理解得以发生和进行的过程;视域融合与用语言对话是同一个过程。解释理论从一个侧面反映了认知思维的复杂性,具体表现:视域融合的自组织性;视域融合的整体涌现性;视域融合过程的曲折性;视域融合的开放性。哲学解释学以无视物质与精神、主体与客体对立统一关系的姿态,把认识过程、语言过程独立化,使"主体虚化"、"真理退场"、"客观性丧失",具有明显的反传统哲学的后现代性质;其复杂性维度对复杂性探索有积极的作用。

The Theory of Interpretation in Philosophical Hermeneutics and Complexity Research

Hermeneutics as a subject about understanding and interpretation has its very long developing process in history. In ancient years the theological Hermeneutics and Hermeneutics of law concerned about the skill and practice of understanding and interpretation. Modern Hermeneutics that had Schleiermacher and Dilthey as its masters considered that interpretation is a process of eliminating misapprehension and Hermeneutics itself ought to be the general methodology of humanities' research. Philosophical Hermeneutics that had Heidegger put its foundation and Gadamer built its perfect form made Hermeneutics turn from methodology to ontology. Surrounding the thesis of understanding Gadamer established an integrated system of philosophical Hermeneutics. In some sense the theory of Interpretation in Philosophical Hermeneutics illuminated the complexity of cognition, such as the fusion of horizon as a devious and open process of self-organization and collectively emergence. This dimension has some positive effect to the research of complexity.