| 高等教育培养目标中的“博通”与“专精” |
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| 作者单位： | 北京大学 |
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| 摘 要： | 高等学校人才培养目标中"博通"与"专精"是一对矛盾,如何处理这对矛盾是高等学校制订教育目标过程中的一个难题。本文从分析一般教育目标出发,从高等教育发展的角度剖析了实际教育目标时而偏向"博通"、时而偏向"专精"的历史渊源,指出总的趋势倾向于培养"专才"。文章还从科学技术发展的分化与综合的角度讨论了"博通"与"专精"的关系;从科技创新的角度分析了两种带有不同偏向的人才的特点,从而认为社会一般也更垂青于专门人才。根据对高等教育历史、科学技术的发展以及创新要求的分析,文章得到了关于理解"博通"与"专精"关系的七点结论。鉴于"通才教育"概念容易引起歧义,建议在今后高等教育讨论中不用"通才教育"这一名词。最后,文章提出了各种不同层次和类型的高等学校处理"博通"与"专精"关系的四条原则,特别指出学校定位与国情是具体处理"博通"与"专精"的决定因素。
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| 关 键 词： | 高等教育 培养目标 博通 专精 |
Generalist or Specialist: Two Different Aims of Higher Education |
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| Authors: | Wang Yiqiu |
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| Abstract: | It is a big challenge to settle the contradiction between two different aims of higher education: generalist and specialist.To analyzing the general educational aim,this paper explores the historical reason of the swing of educational aim between generalist and specialist,and points out that specialization is a general trend in education.After discussion on the relationship of the two educational aims from the point of differentiation and integration in evolution of science and technology,seven conclusions are drawn out.Four principles on dealing with the relationship of generalist and specialist education are raised for relative colleges and universities,and situation of the given college is emphasized as decisive factor for choice of educational aim. |
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| Keywords: | higher education aim of education generalist education specialist education |
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