北宋后期的党争与辞赋创作

北宋的党争不仅是政见之争,也是学术思想、文学观念的冲突和论争。王安石和司马光在否定诗赋取士这一点上是一致的,而其立足点,则不尽相同,一为重实用,一为重道德。苏轼和他周围的文人对诗赋取士持开明的态度。在苏轼等人的影响下,北宋后期的辞赋各体均有人尝试创作。绍述以后,新党用事,复罢诗赋取士,北宋末期文人的荒疏学问和辞赋鄙俚与此有很大关系。由于以怨报怨的恶性党争,北宋后期少有大胆论政的辞赋力作。随着元以来党争的加剧,畏祸心理在这时期的辞赋中有显著表现,而且,辞赋中越来越浸入悲凉之气,宁静平和的心境逐渐让位于悲苦不振的心绪。

The Party Contest of the Late Northern Song Dynasty and Fu-Style Metrical Composition

The party contest in the late Northern Song Dynasty had both political and scholarly implications.Both Wang Anshi and Sima Guang held negative opinions about the practice of selecting officials through examinations of Fu-style metrical composition,although Wang was more concerned with the feasibility of the practice and Sima had a moral consideration.Su Shi and his followers held an open attitude towards the practice and they wrote with various forms of Fu-style metrical composition.The practice was withheld,however,when a new party came into power after the reign of Shaoshu,scholars in the meantime neglected the meaningfulness of Fu-style metrical composition.Few scholars wrote about politics in Fu-style metrical composition because of the viciousness of party contest.The situation of party contest had gone from bad to worse since the reign of Yuanyou,and,towards the end of the Northern Song Dynasty,scholars expressed only fear and sorrow in their Fu-style metrical composition.