修身之道与治国之道的统一——古代行政管理经验的总结之作:《大学衍义》与《大学衍义补》

儒家学说以为,如何造就完美人格,对于社会的领袖人物与精英人物至关重要。《大学》一书提出了"明明德"、"亲民"、"止于至善"的"三纲领"和"格物"、"致知"、"诚意"、"正心"、"修身"、"齐家"、"治国"、"平天下"的"八条目"。但这至多只是提供了一种道德原则和实用知识的理论"间架"(朱熹语),如何"填补"和充实这一理论"间架",则是留给后世儒者的任务。南宋真德秀的《大学衍义》和明代邱浚的《大学衍义补》完成了这个任务。这两部书集古代政府行政管理经验之大成,被当时及后世称为"帝王之学",是帝王以及各级官员的必读书。

The Unity of the Way of Self-Cultivation and the Way of Rulership——The Sum-up Works Oil the Experience of Ancient Administration, Daxue yanyi and Daxue yanyi bu

According to Confucianism, it is of vital importance for social leaders and elites to establish their perfect personalities. The Daxue, or Great Learning, proposes the "Three Principles," i.e., "to illustrate illustrious virtue," "to love the people," and "to rest in the highest excellence," as well as the "Eight Particulars," i.e., "to investigate things," "to extend to the knowledge," "to be sincere in the thought," "to rectify the heart-mind," "to do self-cultivation," "to regulate the family," "to govern the state well," and "to bring peace throughout the world." However, they are only the moral principles and the "framework" of practical knowledge (as Zhu Xi said). It is later Confucian scholars' work to "fill up" or attach material to this theoretic "framework." Zhen Dexiu of the Southern Song Dynasty and Qiu Jun of the Ming Dynasty finished the job with their Daxue yanyi and Daxue yanyi bu respectively. Acclaimed as the "Teachings for the Sovereigns," these two books summarize the great achievements and experience of ancient administration, and are a "must read" for sovereigns and administrative officers of different levels.