走向东洋:移植日本的书院制度

明清之际,中国书院作为一种文化教育制度,移植到了一衣带水的近邻日本。日本书院以传播儒家文化为主要使命,有着教育教学、出版图书等多种文化功能。其学校性质的书院又分为寺子屋、私塾、乡学、官学等几个高低不同的层次,另外还有专门教授医学知识和培训中国留学生的书院。甲午战争中国失败之后,日本人把书院办到了中国本土,惜乎这一书院的回流是一种充满痛苦的文化现象。

Chinese Academies Traveling to Japan

As an educational system, Chinese academies traveled to Japan in the Ming and Qing dynasties. There they functioned as various institutions such as educational and publishing ones with the primary task of spreading Confucianism. The educational ones were further divided into different levels of primary schools, private schools, community schools and official schools. In addition, special academies were built for teaching medical and Chinese students. After China's failure in the Jiawu War against Japan, the Japanese set up academies in their motherland in return. What a pity! The traveling back of the Chinese academies was such a bitter cultural phenomenon!