文本、行为与制度：顾炎武道德形象新阐释

顾炎武不仕贰朝的道德形象被晚清以来的政统与道统肯定。学界将顾炎武不仕贰朝的原因归结于个人超群绝伦的道德品质，这种解释既无视顾氏与新朝频繁接触的史实，也没有考察顾氏不仕贰朝的具体原因。要解释顾氏思想与行为的变化应该到清初制度环境中寻找，清政权实施一系列的汉化与尊儒制度，为顾炎武等人与清政权的接触提供了制度环境。顾炎武与清制度共同推崇的儒家思想是二者耦合的思想基础。顾炎武的思想与行为是现实的，他的形象也应是具体的、相对的，而不是抽象的、绝对的。

Text, Behavior and System: Reinterpretation of Gu Yan-wu's Moral Image

The moral image of Gu Yanwu was praised by the political system and Taoism since the late Qing Dynasty. Scholars attributed the reason of not to be an official in the Qing Dynasty to the superior moral quality of Gu Yanwu. This interpretation ignores the historical facts that Gu frequently contacted with the Qing-Dynasty, and does not examine the specific reasons for Gu''s behavior. To explain the changes of Gu''s thought and behavior, scholars should look for the factors in system environment, the Qing Dynasty implemented a series of institution to respect the Confucianism, providing the environment for the contact of Gu Yanwu and the Qing regime. Confucianism is the ideological basis between the Qing system and Gu Yanwu. Gu Yanwu''s thought and behavior are realistic, his image should also be concrete and relative, rather than abstract and absolute.