浅谈20世纪初我国近代教育转型

在传统社会,我国乡村地区一直存在一个与封建小农经济相适应的,由乡村士绅、私塾或族学、宗族文化以及民间娱乐等要素构成的、相对质朴而又和谐的文化生态系统。但是,自清末民初"废科举、兴学堂"的近代教育转型过程中,这种传统的乡村文化生态开始出现了危机。其主要表现是:士绅精英的离乡进城使乡村社会失去了重要的文化载体和传播主体,乡村教育转型过程中呈现出"旧学难除,新学难布"的两难局面,传统社会凝聚人心的宗族文化遭到乡民的漠视,乡村社会日常娱乐活动的减少使乡民精神生活越来越贫乏。

Discussion on Modern Education in China in the Process of Transition of the Early 20th Century Rural Cultural and Ecological Crisis

In traditional society,The had been a relatively simple and harmonious cultural ecosystem adapt to the feudal small-scale peasant economy,by the country gentry,old-style private schools or family,clan and civil elements such as entertainment.However,since the beginning of the 20th century "abolishing imperial examination,establishing education hall"modern education in transition since the crisis of rural cultural ecology of this tradition began to appear.Its main manifestation is:leaving the city to rural society of the gentry elite loses an important carrier of culture and media;rural education in the process of transition constituted a dilemma with abolishing imperial examination and establishing education hall;traditional patriarchal clan culture of the social cohesion were ignored by the villagers;rural society daily entertainment activities reduced local spiritual life more and more poverty.