儒学诠释的平民化:明代书院讲学的新特点

沉寂近百年之后,明代书院重兴,面向平民成为其发展的一个重要特点。城镇官府书院向平民百姓开放,乡村书院大量出现,山林布衣、乡村长者、普通百姓、佛教僧侣都可以进院听讲,甚至登堂讲说。这是宋元时期罕见的现象。书院讲学以化民成俗为主要目的,讲求日用百姓之学,服务于乡村民众的文化建设,出现了儒学诠释的平民化倾向。书院讲学的平民化,促进了文化学术的下移,也使教育与学术发展获得了更为广阔的空间。

Popularization of the Confucian Annotation: New Characteristics of Teaching in Ming Academies

Ming academies revived after almost one hundred years of silence, facing the populace as one of the important characteristics of development. Urban official academies opened to the common people and many rural academies were built so that esquires, the elderly, common people and monks could all enter academies to learn, or even gave lectures there, which was rare in Song and Yuan dynasties. Academy teaching took popularization as the primary purpose, It centered on daily learning, which served for the cultural construction of the villagers. As a result there appeared a trend of popularization of the Confucian annotation. It boosted the spreading of culture and learning so that they procured a large space to develop.