企业利用FTA出口的影响因素分析

当前,以FTA为代表的区域贸易协定正逐渐成为各国开展经济战略合作与竞争的重要手段,但是现实中我国企业对FTA的利用率并不高。为了探寻其中的原因,首先从FTA使用成本和收益的角度建立了一个分析影响企业FTA利用率的理论模型,探讨了企业FTA策略选择背后的作用机制。其次,基于2017年中国—东盟FTA的问卷调查数据,利用有序probit模型进行了实证研究,发现企业获取FTA信息的难易程度、申请原产地证书的时间等FTA使用成本是影响中国企业FTA利用率的重要因素;利用FTA出口则有助于企业增加出口量,使其出口产品更具价格优势,并有助于企业加入全球/区域生产网络和产品供应链。最后,异质性检验结果表明,相对于生产型企业,获取FTA信息困难程度的降低、企业申请原产地证书时间的缩短等更有利于提高外贸型企业的FTA利用率;大规模企业对FTA的利用率受FTA使用所得收益的影响较大,而小规模企业对FTA的利用率则对FTA使用成本更为敏感。为了提高企业对FTA的利用率,政府应当扩大对FTA相关政策的宣传,提高企业的认知水平,同时简化各种审批手续,努力缩短原产地证书申请所需时间。

An Analysis of Influencing Factors for Export in Firms Using FTA

At present,regional free trade agreements represented by FTA are gradually becoming the important means for countries to carry out the economic strategic cooperation and competition.In order to probe into the reasons,firstly,this paper establishes a theoretical model to analyze the FTA use of firms from the perspective of the use cost and benefit of FTA,and clarifies the mechanism behind firms' choice of FTA strategy.Secondly,based on the questionnaire data of China-ASEAN FTA in 2017,using the order probit model,this paper also empirically finds that the difficulty of firms obtaining the related information of FTA,the length of time required to apply for the certificate of origin are important factors that affect the FTA utilization rate of Chinese firms.Exporting by Using FTA can help firms to increase the export volume,help firms to export products with lower price,and help firms to join the global/regional production network and product supply chain.Finally,the results of heterogeneity tests show that compared with production firms,the reduction of the difficulty of obtaining FTA related information and of the time required for firms to apply for certificate of origin are more conducive to the improvement of FTA utilization rate of foreign trade firms.At the same time,the FTA utilization rate of large-scale firms is greatly affected by the use benefits of FTA,while the FTA utilization rate of small-scale firms is relatively more sensitive to the use cost of FTA.In order to improve the utilization rate of FTA,the government should strengthen the publicity of FTA-related policies to improve the awareness of firms.In the meantime,it should simplify various procedures for examination and approval to shorten the required time in application for certificate of origin.