互联网金融形态对我国商业银行影响的差异分析

目前,互联网金融快速发展对商业银行的影响日趋显著,但不同形态的互联网金融对商业银行的影响面与影响度存在一定的差异性.为此,使用16家上市银行样本数据并按类别分为4组,采用了GMM估计法与固定效应面板模型,分析和检验了P2P、第三方支付和众筹这三种互联网金融形态对商业银行的盈利发展以及业务结构的影响.研究发现:P2P、第三方支付和众筹对不同类型商业银行的盈利发展和非利息收入的影响不尽相同;P2P对我国商业银行的盈利有负向影响;第三方支付对我国商业银行的非利息收入有正向影响;众筹对5大行和城商行的盈利以及非利息收入无影响,但对中小型股份制银行的发展有正向影响.建议我国商业银行积极变革,吸收互联网金融形态中的优势部分,进一步整合资源设立直销银行,利用大数据与人工智能提升服务价值与风险控制水平.

Difference Analysis of Influence of Internet Financial Form on China's Commercial Banks

With the rapid development of Internet finance,it has an increasingly growing impact on commercial banks,but different forms of Internet financial have the different impact on commercial banks in range and degree. Therefore,with the sam-ple data of 16 listed banks divided into four groups by category,using the method of GMM estimation and fixed effect panel data model,this paper analyzes and tests the three forms of Internet banking including P2P, the third party payment and crowd fun-ding about their impacts on the profitability of commercial banks, business structure and growth. The study finds that P2P, the third party payment and crowd funding have different impacts on the profitability of different types of commercial banks and their non-interest income. P2P has a negative impact on the profitability of China's commercial banks, the third party payment has a positive effect on the non-interest income of China's commercial banks,and crowd funding has no impact on the profitability and non-interest income of five big banks and city banks, but has a positive effect on the development of small and medium-sized joint-stock banks. It suggests that China's commercial banks should reform actively absorb the advantage of Internet financial forms,further integrate resources to set up direct selling banks,improve service value and risk control by using big data and arti-ficial intelligence.