自我雇佣的收入效应、发展特征及其群体差异

自我雇佣兼具增加就业和提高收入的功能。运用倾向得分匹配法,使用2002年和2013年CHIP数据,估算了我国自我雇佣就业的收入效应。研究发现:(1)我国自我雇佣整体上呈现收入溢价效应；(2)2013年自我雇佣者的收入溢价效应明显高于2002年；(3)城镇自我雇佣劳动者获得的收入溢价不仅在绝对值上高于农民工自我雇佣者,而且在增长幅度上也大于后者；(4)作为成功的自我雇佣者,雇主获得的收入溢价大大高于非雇主；(5)受教育水平、经营起始资金数量是决定自我雇佣者能否成功的关键。据此,采取各项措施帮助有创业意愿的劳动者实现自我雇佣,尤其是加大自我雇佣者的人力资本培训力度和创业资金支持力度,助力他们成长为成功的自我雇佣者,既有利于提高我国劳动者的收入水平,也有利于实现我国提高就业质量的政策目标。

Income Effect, Development Characteristics and Group Disparity of Self-employment in China

Self-employment has both functions in increasing employment and raising income. Applying Propensity Score Matching method with CHIP2002 and CHIP2013 data, this paper estimates the income effect of self-employment in China. The research finds that:(1) self-employed workers generally earn a wage premium; (2) the earning premium for self-employment is obviously higher in 2013 than in 2002; (3) self-employed workers with urban hukou earn a higher premium than those with rural hukou, not only in absolute amount but also in increase range; (4) as to successful self-employment, employers earn a much higher premium than non-employers; (5) the education level and the amount of start-up capital are key to successful self-employment. Accordingly, various measures are taken to help laborers who are willing to start business and realize self-employment, especially increasing the training of human capital and the fund support in start-up capital to help them develop into successful self-employment. These are both beneficial to improve the income of Chinese laborers and to realize the policy goal of improving employment quality in China.