中国服务业全要素能源效率:测度与影响因素

随着服务业在中国国民经济中的占比不断提高,研究和提升中国服务业全要素能源效率对于节能减排的重要性日益显著。选取中国2003—2014年的28个省份的面板数据样本,利用DEA方法计算了中国服务业全要素能源效率,发现中国的服务业全要素能源效率整体上呈现下降趋势,且在东中西部地区存在着区域差异。此外,中国服务业全要素能源效率还存在着绝对收敛性。进一步的研究表明,中国服务业全要素能源效率与对外开放程度呈倒U型关系,与服务业国有化程度呈负向关系。服务业自身发展及其能源消费结构的优化,与服务业全要素能源效率也有显著的正相关关系。提升服务业全要素能源效率,需要政府减少对服务业的干预,提高服务业市场化程度；分区域、有选择地扩大对外开放；加快发展生产性服务业,优化能源消费结构。

Total-Factor Energy Efficiency of Service Industry in China: Measurement and Influencing Factors

Along with the proportion of service industry increasing in China''s national economy, it becomes more important to study and enhance the total factor energy efficiency of China''s service industry for energy conservation and emission reduction. Based on the panel data of China''s 28 provinces during the years from 2003 to 2014, this paper calculates the total-factor energy efficiency in China''s service industry by using the DEA method. It shows a generally declining trend and there exist regional differences in the eastern, central and western regions. In addition, there is absolute convergence in total-factor energy efficiency of service industry. Further research shows that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between total-factor energy efficiency and opening-up degree. The total-factor energy efficiency is negatively correlated to the degree of nationalization of service industry. The development of service industry and the optimization of energy consumption structure have significantly positive correlation to the increase of total-factor energy efficiency. To improve the total-factor energy efficiency of the service industry, it is necessary to reduce government intervention to strengthen the degree of marketization; selectively increase opening up, and at the same time speed up the development of producer services and optimize the energy consumption structure.