教育对不同户籍流动人口收入差距的影响

改革开放以来,伴随着流动人口规模的剧增,其内部的收入差距现象也逐渐出现。基于2015年流动人口动态监测调查数据,采取Oaxaca-Blinder分解和基于RIF回归的分解探究了不同户籍流动人口收入差距的影响因素,发现相对于性别、年龄等其他变量而言,教育对流动人口城乡收入差距的作用最大,表现为教育的价格效应与结构效应都扩大了收入差距,且前者是最主要的因素,尤其体现在第90分位点,暗含着城乡流动人口的收入差距主要由教育的高回报率所致。进一步研究发现,按照不同年份、年龄以及地区进行划分后的结果各异,但是教育价格效应依然较大。这说明,城乡教育资源发生扭曲的结果只是使得城镇常住人口获得更多了优质教育资源,接受了更多教育。城镇常住人口具有更强的社会网络和城乡教育资源是发生扭曲的并列原因。基于此结果,政府应推进户籍制度的改革,保障教育资源均衡化,加大扶持偏远地区经济发展。同时,农村流动人口也应通过职业培训或继续教育等形式增强自身竞争力。

The Impact of Education on Income Inequality between Urban and Rural Migrants

Since China''s reform and opening up, the phenomenon of income inequality has gradually emerged along with the rapid growth of the migrant population. Based on the Migrants Population Dynamic Monitoring Survey Data in 2015, this paper analyzes the factors affecting income inequality between urban and rural migrants by Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition and RIF decomposition. The results show that compared with other variables such as gender, ownership, etc., education plays the most important role in explaining the income inequality between urban and rural migrants. It can be seen by both price effect and composition effect in widening the income inequality, with the former larger than the latter, especially at the 90th quantile, which implies that the income gap between urban and rural migrants is due to the high return of education. Further, after grouping by different years, ages, and regions, it is found that the results of each group are diversified, and with price effect of education still relatively large. This shows that distortion in the allocation of education resources between rural and urban regions lead to the result that only urban permanent residents can obtain the high-quality education and acquire more education. The urban permanent residents have stronger social network, which is also the reason parallel to the distortion in the allocation of education resources between rural and urban regions. Based on the results, government should further promote the reform of household registration system, guarantee the equalization of education resources, and increase the support for economic development in remote areas. At the same time, rural migrants should also enhance their competitiveness through vocational training or continuing education.