后发优势的演化创新观

制度创新是实现后发优势的基础。后发优势的思想最早是由才学派演化经济学家凡勃伦所提出,与流行的技术后发优势观不同,他讨论的是落后国家在制度上不模仿发达国家,从而进行制度创新的后发优势。基于"技术-经济范式"的概念,"新熊彼特"学派演化经济学家区分了技术后发优势的两种机会窗口;追赶和跨越,他们认为,能否抓住这两种机会窗口,使潜在的后发优势转变为现实,关键性地取决于技术能力的迅速累积和国家创新体系的制度创新。文章系统地总结了演化经济学的后发优势理论,并进一步指出,发展中国家技术能力发展的路径与发达国家存在着重大的差别,网络经济的兴起使发展中国家的制度创新面临着巨大的挑战。

On Advantage of Backwardness:the View of Evolutionary Economics

Evolutionary economics is the forerunner of the thought of the advantage of backwardness,and now its researches have been most fruitful.Compared with domestic spreading view,it includes the concept of institutional innovation.Two kinds of window of opportunity come from the advantage of backwardness:catching-up and overtaking.Catching-up appears within a techno-economic paradigm that forerunners have established.However,latecomers can overtake forerunners during the period of techno-economic paradigm shifts.Being backward only carries a potential for rapid advance.Its realization depends on the accumulation and fast development of technological capabilities.The paths of technological capability acquisition differ in developed and developing economies.Interconnected economy brings about new opportunity and new severe challenge for system innovation of developing countries.The government must play an important role in construction of national system innovation.