历史解释与历史重演——重塑《左传·郑伯克段于鄢》中郑庄公的形象

《左传·郑伯克段于鄢》是非常著名的历史叙述文本,讲述了庄公兄弟二人为王位而反目成仇的过程。《左传》评价"兄不友、弟不恭"的伦常失序是事件的起因。后世评论多以此为据,而忽视兄弟二人的母亲武姜的政治力量。清华简第六辑《郑武夫人规孺子》,塑造出颇具政治谋略的武姜,综合《左传·郑伯克段于鄢》的叙述,借助历史重演解释理论分析可知,她与庄公多年秘而不宣的政治角力,是郑伯克段叙述中的内隐的政治背景。庄公借助边父、祭仲等人的长久筹谋,因势利导,驱逐共叔段、拘禁武姜,避免郑国内乱,为国家兴盛谋求发展空间,但他养骄长恶,一贯以满足个体私欲来豢养王室及其近属,为郑国埋下内乱的祸根。

Historical Explanation and Historical Re-enactment:Reshaping the Image of Duke Zhuang in the First Year of Duke Yin’s Time(722 BC)

"Duke Zhuang defeated his younger brother Gong Shuduan"is a very famous historical narrative text in Tso Chuan,which tells the process of Duke Zhuang and his brother who became enemies for the throne.In the book Tso Chuan,the moral deficiency that"the elder brother did not fulfill his responsibility to discipline his younger brother,and the younger brother did not know that he should respect his elder brother"was the cause of the incident.Later generations based their comments mainly on Tso Chuan and ignored the political power of Wu Jiang,the mother of two brothers.The sixth series of Tsinghua Bamboo Slips,Madame Zheng Wu’s Rules,created Wu Jiang who was accomplished in political strategy.Synthesizing the narrative of Tso Chuan and making analysis with the historical reenactment theory,it can be seen that her years of secret political battle with Duke Zhuang was the implicit political context in the narrative,With the help of Bianfu,Jizhong and others’long-term planning,he(Duke Zhuang)made good use of the situation,expelled Gong Shuduan and imprisoned Wu Jiang,avoiding civil strife and seeking development space for the prosperity of the state of Zheng.However,his love for evil and avoding good as well as always satisfying the personal desires to keep the royal family and its ralatives planted the bane of civil strife for the state of Zheng.