群体自由·个体自由·个性自由——论悲剧与崇高

人的实践-创造活动的发展水平和相应的古代群体自由、近代个体自由(人性自由)、现代个性自由的演变产生出了古典悲剧、近代悲剧和现代悲剧三种内核不同的悲剧范畴,引导着三种不同倾向的悲剧形态。悲剧集中表现着崇高,它们两者的关系在不同的历史阶段也显现着不同的美学风貌和品格。古典悲剧的崇高感是群体社会价值观的集中体现,古典悲剧同古典崇高一样都呈现出平衡、对称、稳定、有序的形态,缺乏深刻的理性内容和必要的情感张力;近代悲剧以人物性格为中心,以人物的各种情欲为中心,从而显示出近代悲剧关学的个人主义性质,体现了近代崇高的美学内涵;现代悲剧凸显的则不再是尖锐的外在冲突中的崇高,而是价值尺度更其内在化的崇高,展示了现代社会人所遭遇的精神上的痛苦、迷惘、焦虑、孤独,表现了人对自由生存和完整个性的热切渴望和无尽追求。从古典悲剧、近代悲剧、现代悲剧与崇高的不同形态和关系中,我们可以看到悲剧美学和悲剧艺术的发展,这种发展与历史的发展同步,把人类实践-创造的自由逐步推向更高的层次。

Mass Freedom·Individual Freedom·Personal Freedom --On Tragedy and Sublimity

The development of human practice - creation in combination with ancient mass freedom, individual (human ) freedom and modern personal freedom evolved correspondent ancient tragedy, modern tragedy and late - modern tragedy. These three kinds of tragedy fall into different categories and represent different tendencies. Tragedies concentrate on expressing sublimity, the relationship of which has taken different aesthetic features and qualities in different historical stages. A study of their differences enables us to see the development of tragic aesthetics and art. This development in pace with history has led the freedom of human practice - creation up to a higher level.