中国高校学报传统析论——兼论高校学报体制改革的目标与路径

高校学报的历史和传统与学报的现状和未来有着难以割裂的关系,了解学报的历史和传统是制定现行改革政策的前提。学报传统可以追溯到20世纪初,以《学桴》、《清华学报》和《北京大学月刊》为代表的早期学报铸就了最初的传统。其核心价值是以开放的心态追求真理、传播学术、引领时代,综合性或专业性则是其外部形式特征。1950年代,传统发生"裂变",中国科学院传承了传统的核心价值,着手构建以开放的专业期刊为主体的学术期刊体系;高校学报则拘泥于传统的综合性学报的外在形式,并坚持稿源的内向性。对传统在不同向度上的继承造就了两类期刊的不同命运。今天的许多管理者和学报人往往错把1950年代以来逐步固化的综合性、内向性模式当成了学报的传统,学报体制更形僵化。因此,学报的改革是必要的,但应该改革和如何改革是两个不同的问题,改革成功与否取决于改革是否有清晰的目标和可行的路径和手段。在新闻出版总署新近颁布的《关于报刊编辑部体制改革的实施办法》中,"转企"这个改革的手段已取代了目标。学报改革的目标应该是科学合理的学报体系的构建,为达此目标,比笼统"转企"更为可行的手段,是将纸本学报与数字化学报分开,将学报编辑与出版发行分开对待的"两分开"办法。

About the Tradition of Chinese College Journals——Take College Journals of Humanities and Social Sciences as the Centre

It is difficult to separate the college journal history and tradition from the journal present and future,so understanding the college journal tradition with more than a century of history is the premise for current policy reform.Taking 1950 as the time limit,college journal history can be divided into two stages.The main characteristics of early college journals are open to pursuit of truth,disseminate academic,lead academic with broad participation from university scholars.The main force of college journals are famous experts.Teachers and students worked together to run college journals.In the 1950s,the college journals changed.Chinese Academy of Sciences and universities succeeded the academic journal tradition at two different dimensions.The former was the founder of a series of one-disciplinary professional journals with the formation of the system;while the latter was more rigidly adhered to the traditional external form: proceeded by the college name,comprehensive multidisciplinary integration without correlation among college journals.Now the management people of college journals have no idea what really the traditional journal is,just wrongly taking the rigid system of college journals since 1950 as the university journal tradition.There are two reasons for college journals getting into troubles.One is one-sided understanding about the tradition;the other is from the system distress.The split tradition supports the rigid system while the rigid system will strengthen the traditional fracture.Implementation Measures on the Reform of Newspapers and Journals regulates college journals must change into enterprises,which is the lack of rigorous scientific proof,wrongly taking the means instead of the target,putting the administrative responsibility to college journals.Instead of changing into enterprises for college journals,it is more meaningful to separate the digital from the paper,to treat separately the publishing from the distribution and editing,which is called dichotomy.