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劳动力无限供给的现实悖论——“农民工回流”的成因及效应分析
引用本文:刘铮.劳动力无限供给的现实悖论——“农民工回流”的成因及效应分析[J].清华大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2006(3).
作者姓名:刘铮
作者单位:上海大学社会科学学院 上海200444
摘    要:中国作为拥有1.5亿有待转移的农村剩余劳动力,在理论上处于劳动力无限供给的状态。因此城乡比较利益差距的拉力促使农村剩余劳动力不断向城镇转移。但劳动力的无限供给,也奠定了农民工工资较低的现实基础。一些外企和个体私营企业,产生了无限利用廉价劳动力,拼命赚取劳动力剩余价值的动机。但劳动力的再生产不同于一般生产资料的再生产,具有特定的要求。突破或者接近这个底线,将造成劳动力回流农村的后果。劳动力回流尽管在一定程度上具有促进农村经济发展的正面效应,但从总的趋势而言,是城镇化进程的倒退。因此,善待农民工,确定合理的工资标准,不仅是保护农民工利益的需要,也是城镇化进程的基本要求。

关 键 词:农民工回流  成因  正负效应  制度保证

The Practical Paradox of the Infinite Supply of Labor Force
LIU Zheng.The Practical Paradox of the Infinite Supply of Labor Force[J].Journal of Tsinghua University(Philosophy and Social Sciences),2006(3).
Authors:LIU Zheng
Abstract:There are 150 000 000 rural surplus labor forces waiting for migration, causing a state of infinite supply of labor force from the view of theory. In order to gain more salary and get a good living the rural surplus labor forces move into cities and towns. The infinite supply of rural labor force leads to the low salary of farmer-turned-workers. In some foreign capital firms and private enterprises the farmer-turned-workers earn very low money and their working and living conditions are terrible. The reproduction of labor force is different from general productive means and it needs some special conditions. If not given a reasonable salary, the rural labor force would return country again. This kind of return is a backward of urbanization although it prompts the rural economic development in some degree. So the farmer-turned-workers must be treated kindly and given a reasonable salary standard, which is not only the demand of protecting the interests of farmer-turned-workers, but also a basic condition of developing more and more cities and towns.
Keywords:return of farmer-turned-workers  causes  active and negative effects  institutional guarantee  
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