| 关于明代科举研究中几个流行观点的商榷 |
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| 引用本文： | 郭培贵.关于明代科举研究中几个流行观点的商榷[J].清华大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2009(6). |
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| 作者姓名： | 郭培贵 |
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| 作者单位： | 辽宁师范大学历史文化旅游学院历史系; |
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| 基金项目： | 教育部人文社会科学基金项目“科举与社会和谐研究——以明代为例”(07JA770006) |
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| 摘 要： | 明代科举在宋、元科举三级考试的基础上,又进而形成了包括科考、乡试、会试、殿试和庶吉士考选在内的五级考试体系,不仅进一步提高了科举考试的难度和规范程度,而且为提高选才质量提供了条件。明代"童生"考试只是决定童生即未入儒学的士人能否成为府、州、县学生员的入学考试,而非参加科举必经的一级考试,故严格意义上不属于科举考试。明代科举并非"必由学校",其考生除主要来源于"国子学生及府、州、县学生员之学成者"外,还有"儒士之未仕者、官之未入流"者和"吏员"、"医士"、"军士"等"杂流"入试。崇祯十三年"赐特用"仅为赐予破格任用,而非赐予出身,故不应称之为"科"和"出身"。
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| 关 键 词： | 明代科举 五级考试 “童试” “必由学校” “赐特用” |
Discussing Popular Viewpoints in the Study of Imperial Examination in the Ming Dynasty |
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| GUO Pei-gui.Discussing Popular Viewpoints in the Study of Imperial Examination in the Ming Dynasty[J].Journal of Tsinghua University(Philosophy and Social Sciences),2009(6). |
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| Authors: | GUO Pei-gui |
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| Abstract: | The imperial examination of the Ming dynasty came to form the five-class exam system which included the qualified exam ,the provincial exam,the metropolitan exam ,the exam presided by the emperor and the exam about Shu Ji Shi based on the three-class exam in the Song and Yuan Dynasties.The complexity and standard degree of imperial examination was greatly improved,and the conditions about selecting talent were supplied.Tong Sheng exams in the Ming dynasty was a preschool exam which would decide a Tong Sheng... |
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