话语前提特定意义的选择

在特定语境中 ,话语的含义只有一个 ,却可能有多个前提 ,一个前提也可能有多重意义。那么 ,在会话过程中 ,说话者是如何设定话语前提的 ,听话者又是如何对话语前提进行选择和理解的 ?本文从分析前提感知的失误入手 ,运用逻辑分析方法 ,从认知语用学角度考察听话者对预设前提的感知 ,分析选择前提特定意义的原则、策略和过程 ,进而提出前提空间定位的心理模式。笔者认为前提的选择有逻辑 -语义分析、语用推理和整合等三种不同等级的策略 ;话语前提的选择是感知 -推理 -理解 -选择的探索性过程。由此得出结论 :认知环境是话语前提的决定性因素 ,话语前提的正确选择可再现话语的语境表征 ,为话语内涵的理解提供信息表征和推理依据———基于真值条件的最佳关联

On the Selection of Contextualized Discourse Presuppositions

In a certain context,it is possible that an utterance can have several presuppositions,yet contain only meaning or implication.A presupposition can lead to several meanings.In the process of conversing,how does the speaker assume the presupposition,and how does the listener select the proper presupposition to help understand the utterance?This article begins with the error analysis in presupposition perception.By means of logic methods and from the angle of cognitive pragmatics ,it sudies the perception of the assumed presupposition,and analyzes the principles,strategies and processes of presupposition selection.It also puts forward a mental model of presupposition selectiop.The author thinks there are three levels of strategies for presupposition selection:logic-semantic analysis,pragmatic inference and integration.The presupposition selection is an exploring process of perception,inference,understanding and choosing.The conclusion is that cognitive environment is the critical factor for the presupposition selection,for it provides the possibility for the identification of the best relevance.