中国人是怎样接受马克思主义的？——探析早期中国共产党领导人走向马克思主义的文化心路

近代中国启蒙思想家无不是从儒学营垒中脱颖而出，这一心理进路，在马克思主义中国化的过程中得到了更高程度的复制或再现。首先，上个世纪初流行的各种社会学说是中国早期马克思主义者通往科学社会主义的思想阶梯；其次，中国共产党的早期领导者无不是从进化论的世界观进一步接受唯物史观的；再次，在建党初期，中国的马克思主义哲学体系是不完善的，经过20年代的“科玄论战”和30年代的唯物辩证法的论战，马克思主义的哲学体系终于在中国落地生根；第四，中国共产党的早期领导人亲历了从旧民主主义到新民主主义的两个革命阶段，隐含着他们由旧跻新的心路转变；第五，从科学主义和工具理性的立场解读马克思主义——这正是把马克思主义中国化的一个关键的着力点，也是使中国社会心物两面都被彻底改造的切入点。但是，科学的有效性或功利性却无法解决科学主义与人文主义之间的悖论。

How do Chinese People Accept Marxism？ ： Study on the Cultural Course of Early Chinese Communist Leaders Heading for Marxism

All of the Modern Chinese enlighteners were from the Confucian school,this cultural background and ethos re- appear extremely obvious in the course of sinicization of Marxism at the higher level.First.the various popular socialist theories in the beginning of last century were their ideological stairs to the scientific socialism.Secondly,the early leaders of the Communist Party of China accepted Marxist materialist conception of history gradually through evolutionism. Thirdly,the system of Chinese Marxist philosophy was not perfect before Marxist dialectical materialism was spread a- mong the stratum of Chinese intellectual.Fourthly.the early leaders of CPC experienced personally the process from the old democratic revolution to the new one.Finally,understanding the Marxism by the standpoint of the scientism and in- strumentalism just is the key of sinicization of Marxism.However,scientific effectiveness and utility cannot resolve the paradox between the scientism and humanism.