破旧立新:从先发明原则到先申请原则——兼评美国专利改革法案

专利权作为私权,须明定其权利归属,同一个发明创造只能授予一项专利权,世界通行的做法采先申请原则,对最先提出专利申请的人以优先取得专利的权利,而美国一直以来采先发明原则。但是,受国际专利调和化运动影响,美国国会开始逐步努力转向采先申请原则,此次美国专利法变革即为其最终结果,尽管学界对于此次变革的前途争议不停,但从整体上来说,采先申请原则相较于先发明原则仍有其进步之处。

A Transformation from “Invention First” Principle to “Application First” Principle:Comment on American Patent Reform Bill

Patent right,as a type of private rights,must has its ownership.Each invention can only apply for one patent right.While the popular practice in the world follows "application first" principle,which renders the person patent right for specific invention who applies first,America has always been adopting "invention first" principle.However,affected by international patent harmonization movement,U.S.congress is beginning to pursue "application first" principle,marked by American patent right reform as its final results.Despite unceasing academic disputes over the future of this reform,preference to application first principle instead of invention first principle marks certain progress in an overall sense.