清末民初邮政近代化中的官民之争——以镇江民信局与国家邮政的关系为中心的历史考查

镇江自1861年开埠通商,繁荣的贸易往来促进了民信局的发展兴盛。1896年大清镇江邮政官局设立,民信局因其民办性质始终与官邮对立。官办邮政对于民信局加以控制、排挤。民国期间镇江民信局经营日益萧条,屡接按期取缔之令,到1935年被正式取缔。民信局从被控制到取缔的过程,是国家邮政对邮权的统一过程。国家邮政与民信局争夺邮权,蕴含了在邮政近代化过程中的中央权力对地方权益的争夺。

Conflicts Between Government and Public in Modernization of Postal Service in Late Qing and Early Republic——Examination of Relations Between Zhenjiang Civil Postal Office and National Post Authority

Since 1861 Zhenjiang opened its market to outside world,flourishing trade promoted the development of civil postal office.In 1896,Zhenjiang Civil Postal Office of the Qing Dynasty was established,which distinguished itself from the state owned post office due to its private ownership.Government-run postal service tried to control and push the civil postal office out of market.During the Republic of China Zhenjiang Civil Postal Office faced difficulties in its business and received the order to ban the office many times.And in 1935,the post office was officially banned.The process from its being controlled to its being banned witnessed the integration of post rights by the national post authority.The conflict between the national post authority and the civil postal office for the post rights reflects the competition of the central power for local interests in modernization of the postal service.