孔子的"君子"思想

君子是孔子在《论语》中树立的理想的人格典型。孔子对"君子"这个概念的含义做了重大的修正。他认为,君子是求"道",学以致其道的人。由于仁道很难直接把握,但礼乐、忠恕之道与仁道有极大的关联,因此,君子是通过克己复礼,掌握礼乐和忠恕之道来达到"道"的人。最后,求道有得——"德"——就成为了真正的君子,所以君子最主要就是指有德之人。这样的得道君子是符合道、与道为一、以身体道的人。在孔子看来,这才是获得了人之为人之本质的真正的人,真正的存在。所以,"君子"在孔子这里已经被赋予了存在论、本体论的意义。孔子的"君子"思想是他整个思想体系的理论前提。

The Confucius's Thought about Gentleman

Gentlemen,an ideal personality established in the Analects of Confucius,originally referred to the people of status;while villains the ruled labors.Confucius has made great contribution to the amendment of this concept.According to him,gentlemen should be of virtues,which is hard to acquire,thus those tolerant men who were proficient in rites and music,and behaved with complete propriety as well became models for the new concept.And finally morally educated men turned into what Confucius call "gentlemen",as they carried out Confucius' theory once they lived.In Confucius opinion,only moral men can understand why human exist in the world.In other words,he has illustrated this concept from a new aspect,that is,ontology.As a whole,Confucius' theory of "gentlemen" is a prerequisite to his whole theory system.