先秦两汉魏晋简帛文献中的新兴量词

量词丰富,是汉语及汉藏语系诸语言的一大特点。简帛文献的出土问世,特别是大量遣策、文书和医书等口语性文献的出土,为汉语量词史研究提供了空前良好的条件。量词研究的一项重要内容,就是尽量弄清楚每一个量词产生的时间。这既是量词史研究的需要,也是词汇史研究的需要。弄清楚了每一个量词产生的时代问题,也就弄清楚了每一个量词的来源。因此,在简帛量词中最有价值的是＂新兴量词＂,即在这一时代新产生的量词。目前已公布的78批简帛文献中量词凡188个,近40%改写了以前从传世文献量词研究中得出的结论。最具价值的新兴量词55个,为汉语词汇史研究提供了极富真实性的崭新材料。其中,14个量词是传世文献研究所未知的新成员,5个量词是新兴用法,更新了我们对汉语史上量词数量的认识：36个量词是目前所见最早用例,对探讨其语源及汉语量词系统的建立均具有重要意义。简帛量词无论是在量词断代史的研究上,还是在汉语词汇史研究上都具有重要价值。简帛量词的探讨也启示我们,应当充分重视简帛文献的语言研究,尤其是其中口语性文献、应用性文献的研究,方利于汉语词汇史的完善。

Rising Quantitfiers in the Books Inscribed on Bamboo and Silk in the period of Pre-Qin, Han Dynasties and Wei jin

There are 188 quantifiers in the 78 batches of books inscribed on Bamboo and Silk, which were announced already, and 40% of them modified some former conclusions out of books handed from acient times, and 55 quantifiers rising are most valued which provides much authentic and brand-new materials for the study of the history of Chinese words. Thereinto, 14 quantifiers are new comers which are unkown by the books handedfrom acient times and 5 quantifiers are a kind of new usage, and the others 36 quantifiers are the earliest examples in the present which contribute to the system of Chinese Quantifiers and their origin. It also accounts for the value of studying language in the books inscribed on Bamboo and Silk.