20世纪俄罗斯侨民文学的回顾与反思

俄罗斯侨民文学是20世纪俄语文学的组成部分,其作品从内容到形式都显示出与苏联国内文学迥异的风格特征,而且作家人数之多、创作成就之大,为世人瞩目。通过对俄罗斯侨民文学三次浪潮的成因和成就的梳理,揭示俄罗斯侨民文学与苏联本土文学的根本不同在于:意识形态的分歧、不同社会制度的选择、不同世界观和价值观的界定。俄罗斯侨民文学不同于苏俄文学的品格为:不满当时国家的社会制度或文化政策,对故国的深深眷恋之情,尊重传统,接受异域文化。伴随着俄罗斯侨民文学回归的欢乐景象,其消亡是必然的。侨民在侨居地不可能创建自己的文化,侨居地仅仅是保留个别侨民作家及其创作的地方,没有读者的艺术家注定会成为愤世嫉俗的孤独者。境外俄罗斯文学的回归可能成为俄罗斯侨民文学终结的悲剧。

Review and Reflection on the Literature of Russian Nationals abroad in 20th Century

The literature of Russian nationals abroad is a special landscape in the human culture of 20th century and also inseparable part of Russian literature.The works show different characteristics from those in Soviet Union both in content and style.The literature is also known by the world for its large number of writers and their achievement in writing.This paper looks back on the cause and main achievement of the three tides in the development of the literature,reveals that the substantial difference between the literature of nationals and that of those natives lies in ideology,in the choice of different social systems,and in the different definition of values,and summarizes its different characteristic style from that of Soviet literature: their dissatisfaction with the social system and cultural policy at that time,attachment to their motherland,respect for tradition and reception of different culture.It also points out that with the literature's coming back,its dying out is inevitable.For it is impossible for the nationals to create their own culture when they are abroad and the place where they live is only for few writers to do their writing.And the artists without readers will definitely become lonely misanthropes.The coming back of the Russian literature abroad may become a tragedy for the literature of Russian nationals.