法社会学理论渊源初探

探究法社会学的思想渊源需以西方法哲学的历史演进为主线，作类似于谱系学的考察。最初，古希腊思想家着重法律及正义观对保障国家与人民的重要作用。进入古罗马时代，思想家们则更看重理性自然法和人与人之间的社会平等观。中世纪的法学笼罩在神学主义的迷雾中，以人性恶的立场来定义法律，但这也招致了一些进步学者关于法律禁欲主义的质疑。进入十七十八世纪，启蒙运动兴起，作为其成果之一的社会契约思想得到丰富，有关自然状态假设的提出为法律保障人民自由与公共利益提供了坚实的理论基础。十九世纪社会学学科的创建和实证主义研究方法的广泛应用，为法社会学学科的创立埋下伏笔。

Approaching the Theoretical Origin of Sociology of Law

To probe into the ideological origin of sociology of law requires adherence to the historical evo-lution of west philosophy of law , and conducts a certain investigation similar in nature to genealogy .At the very beginning , ancient Greek thinkers focused on the important role of law and the concept of justice in pro -tecting the state and the people .In the era of ancient Roman , thinkers cared more about the rational natural law and the concept of social and interpersonal equality .Medieval legal theory was shrouded in the theological doctrine fog and law was defined from the perspective of human ’s evil nature, which, however, led to some doubts from progress scholars on legal asceticism .The seventeen and eighteenth century enlightenment move-ment brought forth the spirit of “social contract”, and assumptions about the natural state provided a solid the-oretical foundation to protect people＇s freedom and the public interests .The found of sociology and the wide ap-plication of positivist research methods in the nineteenth century foreshadowed the creation of sociology of law .