蕴涵价值取向的民法原则探论

民法原则指可以作为民法规则基础、本源、出发点的具有综合性、抽象性的民法原理和准则,是民法本位价值取向的外化,是民法的重要构成要素。近代西方民法原则为绝对个人本位性的"所有权绝对"、"契约自由"、"过错责任"。后经发展演变,增加了个人本位兼顾社会性的"诚实信用原则"、"禁止权利滥用原则"等。苏联及东欧前社会主义国家民法多采社会本位性的原则。我国《民法通则》规定的基本原则,其中大多属个人本位性的原则,亦有兼顾社会和国家的倾向。西方现代民法兼顾社会性原则的兴起是由于垄断等的出现。市民社会和市场经济要求民法原则以私主体权利为本位。

On Civil Law Principles Implicating the Value of Orientation

Indicating comprehensive and abstract civil law tenets and norms which may be taken as the base, origin and starting point of civil law regulations, civil law principles, the externalization of civil law standard value orientation, are the important constitutional factors of civil law. Modern western civil law principles include "absolute of ownship" , "freedom of contract" , and "fault liability" with the character of absolute individual standard. Later, "good faith principle" , "principle of prohibiting right abuse" and so on are added along with the development. The civil laws in former Soviet Union and the former socialist countries in eastern Europe mostly adopt the principles with the character of social standard. Most of the basic principles in The General Rule of the Civil Law in China belong to the principle with individual standard, having the tendency with apprehension of society and state. Due to the appearance of monopoly, the modern civil law in the western countries has begun to take the social priciple. Civil society and market economy require that the civil law principles should take private subject right as the standard.