西周礼乐文明之诗乐关系辨

就西周礼乐文明中诗乐关系的认识,历来有两派,一派认为诗先于声乐、声乐迎合诗。另一派则认为声乐是诗的根本,声乐在诗之前,诗要求合声乐。检索分析出土和传世文献,我们发现在《易》和《诗》的时代,较之于“诗”,“歌”更经常地代表我们今天所谓的诗歌艺术,而“诗”则更像是乐教文化中的一个概念。综合诗乐歌谣之间的源流正变关系,我们发现,发乎自然性情的歌天然合乎自然之声律,乃诗之前身——歌谣;而服务政教事功的诗却要求合乐而“中声之所止”;因诗制乐旨在诵美讥过的诗道乃是始于制礼之后,而制礼做乐发生在周代,做诗配乐也正是这个时代的产物。

On the Relation between Poem and Music in Western Zhou Dynasty

As far as on the relation between poem and music in Western Zhou Dynasty is concerned, there are two schools: one regards music exists earlier than poem,the other regards that poem serves for music. Analyzing all kinds of datum, we try to figure the really relation it.Ballad ,as the original form of poem,is developing from the nature of human being, and correspond to natural rhythm. In the while,the poem should serve for Li-Yue system, which took place in Western Zhou Dynasty. Melodize for poem is the result of Li-Yue system.