基于产业集群理论的我国产业政策改革新思路

在新科技革命和经济全球化背景下,产业竞争力的基础正在发生着根本性的转变,竞争优势取代比较优势成为产业竞争力的新源泉,而产业集群又是获得产业竞争优势的重要途径。对于我国这样一个工业化的后发国家而言,政府有必要制定产业政策,以调整经济结构,增强产业的竞争力。但我国目前的产业政策大多还属于部门选择性的产业政策,不适应产业集群发展的新趋势。我国新时期的产业政策改革设计需要新的思路,即政府顺应产业政策和产业集群发展的新趋势,把产业政策的重点从扶持特定的产业或企业转向培育和完善产业集群:在产业集群内着力建立公平、高效、有序的竞争框架和市场秩序;政府在发展区域支柱产业的同时,大力扶持相关配套产业的发展,建立有特色的产业集群;加大对产业集群内通用技术的创新和技术扩散网络建设的扶持;发展生产性服务业,提高交易效率和分工水平,增强产业集群的竞争优势。

New Thinking for China＇ s Industrial Policy Reform Based on the Theory of Industrial Cluster

In the context of new technological revolution and economic globalization, the basis of industrial competitiveness is undergoing a fundamental change. The competitive advantage instead of comparative advantage has become a new source of industrial competitiveness, and industrial cluster is an important way to obtain industrial competitive advantage. As a late comer of industrialization, China needs to develop industrial policy in order to adjust economic structure and enhance industrial competitiveness. However, China＇ s current industrial policies mostly are sector - selective industrial policies and cannot meet the new trend of industrial clusters development. In the new era, China＇ s industrial policy reform and design need new thinking. That means government should adapt to the new development trend of the industrial policy and industrial clusters, and shift the priority of industrial policy from supporting specific industry or enterprise to fostering and improving industry clusters.