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东汉监军制度的嬗变及其原因试析
引用本文:吴方基,吴方浪.东汉监军制度的嬗变及其原因试析[J].南都学坛,2012,32(2):19-24.
作者姓名:吴方基  吴方浪
作者单位:江西师范大学历史文化与旅游学院,江西南昌,330022
摘    要:东汉监军制度从光武帝时的确立到殇帝时的转折,最后到灵帝中平时的瓦解,经历了三个阶段:第一阶段监军者主监将领;第二阶段监督对象转变为主督州郡,此与地方兵权扩张关系密切;第三阶段黄巾起义爆发,东汉监军制度瓦解。其变化的原因有三:一是黄巾起义爆发面广,州郡仓促失据,多数地方朝廷尚无机会派遣监军;二是朝廷所招募镇压起义之兵的私家化,使监军失去国家军队的支撑;三是中郎将监军权力扩大及其军职化最终瓦解了监军制度。

关 键 词:东汉  监军  监军使者  中郎将

The Evolution of Military Supervision System in the Eastern Han Dynasty and Its Reasons
WU Fang-ji,WU Fang-lang.The Evolution of Military Supervision System in the Eastern Han Dynasty and Its Reasons[J].Academic forum of nandu,2012,32(2):19-24.
Authors:WU Fang-ji  WU Fang-lang
Institution:(History,Culture,Tourism School,Jiangxi Normal University,Nanchang Jiangxi 330022,China)
Abstract:The military supervision system,established in the period of Emperor Guangwu,changed in the period of Emperor Shan,and collapsed in the period of Emperor Ling,experiences three stages in the Eastern Han Dynasty.In the first stage,the military officers are mainly supervised.In the second stage,the governers of the prefectures turn to be supervised because of the expansion of the local military power.In the third stage,it collapses because of the Yellow Turbans Uprising.In general,there are the following three reasons.First,the Yellow Turbans Uprising is in a large-scale,as a result of which the prefectures are conqured quickly and the central government has no opportunity to appoint military supervisors.Second,the personalization of the forces to suppress the uprising leads to the lose of the national military support of supervision.Third,the power expansion of military supervisors and their being professional result in the collapse of miliary supersion system.
Keywords:the Eastern Han Dynasty  military supervision  officer of military supervision  general of Zhonglang
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