对高空抛物致人损害法律救济的检讨

高空抛物行为乃加害人不明的一般侵权行为,其与建筑物致人损害及共同危险行为均有本质区别。在高空抛物致人损害时,我国侵权责任法对受害人救济的规定,缺少相应的法理依据,对责任人也有失公平,于发现真正的加害人及公共安全的维持也并无裨益,甚至还会引发恶意诉讼的风险。对高空抛物行为的抑制及受害人的救济,要靠公安机关的积极介入,及时查明加害人;扩大处罚性损害赔偿范围;完善社会保障制度,建立社会救助体系;大力培育保险市场,建立业主责任保险制度等途径来实现。

Review on the Legal Remedies for the Damage Caused by Dropping Objects

The behavior of dropping objects from high buildings is the general tort that the injurer is unidentified,which is distinctively different from damage caused by building and mutual dangerous behavior.The remedies for the victims of dropping objects stipulated in China’s Tort Liability Law lack relevant legal support since it is unfair for the responsibility-holder and is not helpful to find the real injurer and to maintain the public order,and sometimes it can even cause the risk of malicious prosecution.The prohibition and remedies for the victims of dropping objects from high buildings needs police’s positive interference to identify the injurer.At the same time,the scope of damage compensation should be broadened and the system of social security should be perfected to build the system of social remedy while cultivating insurance market to build the system of responsibility-holder insurance.