论中国特色教师教育体系的应然图景

健全中国特色教师教育体系,是适应我国教师教育主要矛盾转化的现实要求,是加快实现我国教育现代化的重要支撑,是夯实教育强国建设之基的基础工程。中国特色教师教育体系是一个开放的大系统,其基本图景应体现"高质量开放、制度化协同、实质性联动"三个特征。推动实现"高质量的开放",需要建立基于相应标准的办学资格认证开放体系、基于专业教育的教师资格认证开放体系、基于生源质量的教师学历教育开放体系、基于学科发展的教师教育专业开放体系;推动实现制度化协同,需要建立师范专业招生"研判"制度、中小学(幼儿园)参与师范生培养的法定义务和绩效制度,完善教师编制政策,制定县级教师发展中心建设标准;推动实现实质性联动,需要建立"校级、省级、国家级"三级教师教育质量年度报告制度,建立基于"US模式"的教师教育者常态化交流制度,启动实施"互联网+教师教育"创新行动。健全中国特色的教师教育体系应该把握并遵循公共属性、政治属性、道德属性、多样化属性这四个基本属性及原则。公共属性凸显教师教育的社会责任,政治属性内含教师教育的本质要求,道德属性彰显教师教育的专业伦理,多样化属性则反映着教师教育的灵活特征,这四个属性统一并渗透于构建中国特色教师教育体系的全部过程、各个环节和基本要素。

A Research on Improving Teacher Education System with Chinese Characteristics

Improving the teacher education system with Chinese characteristics is the practical requirement of adapting the transformation of the main contradiction in teacher education in China,the important support for accelerating the modernization of education in China,and the basic project to consolidate the foundation of building a strong country in education.The basic prospect of teacher education system with Chinese characteristics should embody three characteristics:high-quality opening,institutionalized collaboration and substantial linkage.To promote the realization of high-quality opening,it is necessary to establish a standards-based qualification certification system,a professional education-based teacher qualification certification system,a baseline-based quality assurance system for normal university students,and a discipline-based teacher education specialty construction system.To promote the realization of institutionalized collaboration,it is necessary to establish a system of recruitment,research and judgment for teachers majors,a legal obligation and a performance system for primary and secondary schools(kindergartens)to participate in the training of normal university students,improve the policy on teacher staffing,and formulate the construction standards for county-level teacher development centers.To promote the substantive linkage,we need to establish an annual report system for teachers education quality at the three levels of"school,province and national",and a regular exchange system for promoting teacher education institutionalization,and launch the"Internet+Teacher Education"innovation initiative at a high standard.To perfect the teacher education system with Chinese characteristics,we should grasp and follow four basic attributes:public attribute,political attribute,moral attribute,and multiple attribute.The public attribute highlights the national responsibility of teacher education.The political attribute contains the essential requirements of teacher education.The moral attribute highlights the professional ethics of teacher education,and the various attributes reflect the flexible characteristics of teacher education.The four attributes unify and penetrate into the whole process,all links and all elements of the teacher education system with Chinese characteristics.