公共物品问题及其解决思路——————公共物品理论文献综述

狭义的公共物品是指具有非竞争性和非排他性的物品.广义的公共物品是指具有非排他性或非竞争性的物品,包括纯公共物品、俱乐部物品与公共池塘资源三大类.萨缪尔森、布坎南和奥斯特罗姆等指出了广义公共物品面临的典型问题,如搭便车问题、排他成本问题、公地悲剧问题、融资与分配问题,并基于不同的物品分类及其面临的问题,提出了相应的理论模型,如纯公共物品理论、俱乐部理论和公共池塘资源理论.近期广义公共物品的研究重心转向了供给问题,政府供给、私人供给、自愿供给与联合供给及各供给方式的匹配与融合是广义公共物品的基本供给方式.研究表明,生态经济学、空间经济学、福利经济学等学科与公共物品理论的有机结合将是未来公共物品理论研究的新方向.

On the Issue of Public Goods and Its Solution:A Review on the Public Goods Theory

In a narrow sense,public goods are non-competitive and non-exclusive goods,while in a broad sense,public goods are non-competitive or non-exclusive goods including pure public goods,club goods and pool resources .Such issues as free-riding,exclusive cost,tragedy of the commons,financing and allocating have been considered as the issues of public goods in a broad sense by Samuelson,Buchanan and Ostrom,who have already built up their own classic theories of publicgoods based on different publicgoods andeconomicissues,such as pure theoryof public goods,club theoryand theoryof thecommons .Recent researches on publicgoodsin general have shifted to the issue of supply,governmental supply,private supply,joint supply,voluntary general supply andanycombination of which are the basic supply modes .Studies on theseaspects have also shown that future researches on public goods might mainly focus on the combination of ecological economics,spatial economics or welfare economics with public goods theory.