“另类”留学及交流的诸多面相——近代日本外务省第三种普通补给生留华初探

20世纪20年代日本实施的“东方文化事业”启动,但随着日本国内侵华势力的膨胀导致中日两国关系日趋紧张，该事业成为日本单方主导的对华文化事业。在此背景下，1930年日本外务省文化事业部开始实施由“普通补给生”和“外务省官吏生”构成的第三种补给生制度。其中普通补给生可谓外务省最早派遣的学术型留华学生，他们以研究与中国相关的学术为目的，并带着明确的研究课题来华留学。他们在中国各大学旁听，并以私人身份或通过学会与中国学者进行学术交流，还开展了各类旅行活动，有些人在“七七事变”后直接参加了日本的侵华战争,对中国人民犯下了暴行。留学结束后，他们就职于文化、教育、政治、经济、军事、外交各界，遂成为20世纪三四十年代活跃在中日两国间的一支重要力量，他们通过提交调查报告、发表论文、出版著作等方式充当日本侵华的宣传者和帮凶。总之，近代日本外务省派遣第三种普通补给生留华是日本实施其侵略中国战略的重要环节之一。

The Multiple Facets of a Special Overseas Study and Exchange: An Preliminary Study on the Overseas Activities of the Third Ordinary Supplied Students of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan

Initiated in the 1920s, the Oriental Cultural Undertakings between China and Japan subsequently lost its balance and were submitted to the domination of Japan due to the aggressive government policy of Japan against China and the consequent deterioration of Sino-Japan relations. It was in this historical background that the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan began to dispatch the third supplied students consisting of ″ordinary supplied students″ and ″official students of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs″. As the earliest academic students sent to China, the third ordinary supplied students had been prepared with explicit research subjects and academic devotions before their departure. They audited various courses of Chinese universities, traveled extensively, and exchanged their ideas with Chinese scholars privately or by the help of academic societies. Some of them participated directly in the Japanese war of aggression against China after the Marco Polo Bridge Incident. After finishing study abroad, they returned to be employed in the fields of culture, education, politics, economics, military affairs and diplomacy, etc., thus acting as an important force between China and Japan in the 1930s and 1940s. Their activities abroad and home shared common characteristics of the age to varying degrees. Apart from direct military actions, generally they engaged themselves in (1) submitting various reports to the Japanese government and the military as policy reference during their study periods and afterwards; (2) publishing academic papers and works according to their research interests to justify Japanese invasion; and (3) upbringing of younger generations for the aggression in diverse cultural and educational institutions after their return. In short, exerting their talents fully, the third ordinary supplied students devoted themselves to the Japanese War of Aggression against China in different ways. An exploration of the third ordinary supplied students would contribute to a better understanding of modern Sino-Japan relations and Japanese invasion of China.