地方治理研究:范式、理论与启示

20世纪90年代早期以来治理理论的兴起,可以看作是对当前世界各国在回应新的治理挑战中所采纳的不同于传统公共行政的公共管理方式的总结.治理理论的支撑性论点和概念包括:网络管理理论,即将治理的核心任务看成是管理网络;授权理论,认为有效治理的关键是恰当的授权机制;社会解释理论,以人们理解和解释世界的差异为研究起点并认为这种差异是治理所面临的最大挑战;侧重于合作如何达成的伙伴关系概念和社会资本概念.治理理论的启示在于:首先,治理要求扩大地方决策的范围并重新定义地方政府的角色;其次,面对新的挑战,公共管理者需要掌握新的管理技能;最后,治理理论及其对应的管理方式提供了全球比较的框架.

Local Governance: Paradigms, Theories and Implications

The emergence of governance theory from the early 1990s onwards has been one of the core developments in public administration.Governance theory starts by recognizing that public administration's brief stretches beyond multiple government institutions to those drawn from the community,voluntary and private sectors.The governance perspective offers an alternative organizing framework to that of traditional public administration.Complex tasks of co-operation do not necessarily require the imposition of a hierarchical chain of command in an integrated organization.There are other options: regulation at arm's length,contracting through the market,responding to interest articulation and developing bonds of loyalty or trust.We examine in turn work on the management of networks as key to governance;second,on perspectives that focus more on the dynamic of delegation and the creation of appropriate incentive regimes to steer governance;third,we examine social interpretative theories that look how interests are articulated,communicated and conditioned by a governance discourse and how identities and trust might be built.And also we discuss the concept of regime analysis and social capital.As academic focused on public administration I argue that suggests the governance perspective tells me three things that those charged with governing need to think about.First the need to ensure that there is sufficient scope for a local decision-making.Second they need to consider whether their managers and officials have the appropriate skill set for governance.Third they need to be prepared to learn from elsewhere and to that that have a way of understanding local governance in a comparative context.