世界贸易组织与全球公共卫生治理————以TRIPS协定为例

WTO规范具有深刻的公共卫生含义。作为WTO的主要规范，《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》（TRIPS协定）对于全球公共卫生治理具有重要意义。尽管TRIPS协定中包含了出于公共卫生考量而规定的灵活措施，然而，WTO并非以公共卫生为导向，其中所存在的结构性矛盾和缺陷决定了WTO对于发展中国家的公共卫生而言是弊大于利。鉴于我国目前面临的公共卫生危机和正在酝酿的医疗体制改革，我国应勇于利用WTO规范中的灵活性条款，提高药品的可获得性，从而促进我国的公共卫生治理，这本身也是对全球公共卫生治理的重要贡献。

Implementation of Education Policy in the Period of New Politics of Qing Dynasty

In the period of New Politics of the Qing Dynasty,there was a wave of education reform which centered on the establishment of the modern 'new education system'.In this movement,the reform of education policy was one of the important aims.The new education policy was implemented by means of setting up new administrative organizations,stipulating rules and regulations for modern education and opening new schools.The central and local Student Affairs Offices were founded with clear responsibilities and administrative affiliations,giving an effective impetus to schools newly established all over the country.The Ministry of Education established later played the role of coordination and supervision of those new schools.In addition,the abolishment of Imperial Examinations further cleared the way for the flourishing of the New Education Movement in the late Qing Dynasty.An exploration into the limitations of those policies and the conflicts of interests among various social groups in the reform can effectively reveal many problems,providing profound historical insights for the present-day research.