鲁迅小说的社会杂语分析

本文借用巴赫金有关长篇小说的话语理论和福柯有关话语权力的思想，对鲁迅小说作了新的解读。从整体上看，鲁迅小说以鲁镇和未庄为中心，构成了一个社会杂语的环境，其间六个层次的话语的运动，体现了世纪初处在流动、变化之中的乡土中国各个话 语集团较量的实况。其中，最引人注目的是三个话语集团：被剥夺了话语权、以他者话语为自己话语的“失语”的人们；尚未掌握话语权、只能以反常或疯狂的形式出现的代表新兴话语力量的“独语”的人们；处在传统话语与新兴话语张力中的“双语”的人们。鲁迅正是通过上述各种话语力量互相消长、互相激荡的运动的揭示，表达了对辛亥革命后局势的忧虑和对传统话语的批判。

Social Discourses in Lu Xun's Novels

This paper presents a new interpretation of Lu Xun's novels in the light of Bahkin and Foucault's theories of discourse analysis. The background of Lu Xun's novels generally centers in Luzheng and Weizhuang whose social discourses fall into six levels that reflect the conditions of the corresponding social classes and the relationship among them in the beginning of this century. The discussion focuses on three major discourse classes: the "aphasic" class who were deprived of their own discourse and forced to follow that of another class; the "soliloquy', class who had never learned their own discourse but were compelled to adopt an unusual or "hysterical" discourse; the "bilingual" class who were lost in the tension between the traditonal and an unborn new discourses. Lu Xun's contribution was that he expressed, through his analysis of the diverse discourses, his criticism of the traditional discourse discourse and his apprehension over the social situations for the 1911 revolution.