鲁迅的异化翻译理论

鲁迅在20世纪30年代就提出了异化的翻译理论,但随后曾受到多方批评、指责和冷落.甚至当提倡进行建立中国自成体系的翻译理论的尝试时,人们也未对鲁迅的翻译理论给予应有的适当的考虑.其实,中国翻译理论从来就是在不同意见的争鸣辩论中发展的.最近,随着西方翻译研究的文化转向和解构主义理论的介入,人们越来越多地注意到鲁迅翻译理论的价值.鲁迅译论主要包括:翻译应为本民族的事业服务,异化的翻译策略有利于民族文化的重建;作为翻译主体的译者有一个文化定位的问题;通顺的译文有可能导致"知识"的虚伪,迎合本土最易被接受的保守思维定式.鲁迅在那个时代就已敏锐地觉察到现代解构主义提出的问题.一些针对鲁迅翻译理论和实践的批评,不但有失公允,而且未能理解鲁迅所提出观点的深刻含义.

Alienation Translation Theory Advocated by Lu Xun

Alienation translation theory was put forward by Lu Xun as early as in the 1930s. But it was subsequently criticized, reproached and neglected. Not even a mention of it was made in the attempt to establish a self-contained system of Chinese translation theories. As a matter of fact, translation theory has always developed in the contention of different opinions. It is gratifying to know that with the reorientation in translation studies and the introduction of deconstruction theory, more attention has been paid to the value of Lu Xun's translation theories, which consists of the following viewpoints: translation is conducted for the purpose of promoting the cause of a nation by taking in what is useful; attention should be given to the position of translator in culture; translation should facilitate the reconstruction of a nation's culture; smooth translation could be harmful for it sometimes embodies the hypocrisy of knowledge and can be on the side of the conservative forces. The issue that was sharply discerned by Lu Xun in his days has won approval of the deconstructionists who also stress the necessity of maintaining the linguistic and cultural differences in translation and the merits of alienation translation strategy in curbing colonial and imperialist oppression of weak cultures in translation. They believe that smooth translation, due to its failure to reflect the true nature of the functions of translation, often caters to the mindset of conservative forces in a culture. Certain criticism against Lu Xun's theory and practice in translation is neither convincing nor fair and the arguments they present reveal the lack of understanding of the essence of Lu Xun's translation theories.