行动、动机与自我概念 兼论知识分子的意识形成

社会学家倾向于关注行动背后的结构因素,而对行动的动机缺乏深入与系统的研究。近几 十年来,社会学家开始意识到动机的重要性,但现有理论仍缺乏中层机制的支撑。自我概念可以较好地 解决行动的动机问题,其三个组成部分,即自尊、自我效能与本真在社会互动中得到发展,从而在提供动 机的同时,免于生理或心理决定论。以知识分子意识形成的社会学研究为例,自我概念的缺乏导致了现 有研究的结构主义倾向,而将自我概念与场域、惯习等概念相结合,能够发展出一系列解释机制。

Action, Motivation, and Self-Concept, and the Formation of Intellectual Ideas

Sociologists love structures but have avoided motivation . In recent decades,some sociologists have realized the importance of motivation,but most theories lack middle-range mechanisms .Self-concept can appropriately solve the problem and theorize actors' motivations . The three components,i.e. self-esteem,self-efficacy,and authenticity,develop out of social interactions,which makes the self-concept a social product and social force while avoiding biological or psychological determinism .Based on a survey of current sociological research on the formation of intellectual ideas,this article discusses the structural bias as a result of the lack of self-concept,the possibility of a synthesis between self-concept and concepts such as fields and habitus,and the potential of a set of explanatory mechanisms.