农贸市场超市化改造对农产品流通的影响

生鲜超市的发展目标是对原有农贸市场的升级换代.回顾我国鲜活农产品经营业态的演进过程及趋势,并对农贸市场超市化改造前后鲜活农产品流通组织方式变化予以比较分析,可以发现生鲜超市是我国从事农产品销售的真正主体,但它的出现将对我国当前的农产品流通、农产品生产规模、农民的素质和就业等产生深远影响,因此,对顺利推进"农改超"及利用"农改超"促进我国农业现代化建设的对策研究,具有一定的现实价值和理论意义.

The Impact of Wet Market Transforming into Food Supermarket on the Agro-food Circulation

The Wet Market Transforming into Food Supermarket (WMTFS) campaign launched at the beginning of 2002 in costal developed areas of China has received great attention. With a close look at the impact of the WMTFS on the agro-food circulation, the paper consists of four parts. The first part briefly reviews the transformation of food retail market after the founding of the People's Republic of China, namely, from state-run food retail store, through wet market and supermarket, to food supermarket. It, therefore, points out that with the income improvement and increasing demand of food safety by Chinese consumers, the food supermarket will replace the wet market in the long run. The second part makes a comparative study of the organizational changes in FFV circulation system which have taken place before and after WMTFS. It proves that food supermarkets constitute the main food supply chain, which can then be reorganized to improve agro-food circulation. The third part makes an analysis of the impact of WMTFS on agro-food circulation and production. (1) WMTFS mitigates the traditional contradiction between individual farmers and large markets in China, while giving rise to the new contradiction between farmers' small-scale production and food supermarket. (2) WMTFS promotes the formation of food distribution centers, while posing a new challenge to the development of wholesale market. (3) WMTFS improves the circulation of agro-food, while decreasing the employment of dealers and retailers. (4) WMTFS upgrades the quality of agro-food supply, while setting out stricter requirements for the quality of farmers. The last part puts forward the suggestions to facilitate WMTFS and speed up agricultural modernization in five aspects: (1) It is urgent to develop the cooperative organizations of farmers to enhance their bargaining power with the food supermarket. (2) It is crucial to establish the agricultural standardization system to facilitate the transaction between food supermarkets and farmers. (3) Agro-food production should be organized according to the resource endowment and special local produce should first be developed. (4) The training of and assistance to farmers should be enhanced. And (5) Laid-off dealers and retailers from the wet market should be re-arranged properly.