经史嬗递与重建中华文明体系之路径————以傅斯年与蒙文通学术分合为中心

晚清民国时期,西学东渐,新旧嬗替,转化传统与引介西学成为重建中华文明体系重要的知识与思想资源。傅斯年、蒙文通二人皆经历了出入今古、由经入史的学思历程。傅斯年贯彻以历史观点探究中国文化演变,考察思想意识历时演进的轨迹,估价与建构文明价值|蒙文通阐发儒学义理与经史之学,落实与实践“明体达用”之儒学以塑造中华文明主体性。若以傅斯年与蒙文通的学术分合与经史纠葛为中心,考察民国学界划分夷夏、辨证性命、沟通汉宋的关联与旨趣,或可阐发“通识”与“专家”、“求其是”与“求其古”等学术理念,重估进而转化中华文明体系的多元路径,为实现“以国故整理科学”的学术转向提供参考。

The Transformation of″Classical Studies and Historiography″and the Path to the Reconstruction of the System of Chinese Civilization :A Study of the Disagreements and Agreements between Fu Sinian and Meng Wentong

Fu Sinian .Fu believed that modern historiography was the study of materials,thus he paid more attention to periodization,monographic studies,and the discovery and interpretation of new materials .However,Meng tended to mix history with philosophy,and classics with historiography,so he usually based his research on traditional documents instead of the new materials which he regarded only as a kind of embellishment . Both Meng and Fu explored the path of development of Chinese civilization,and both were very cautious in applying the conceptions of western social science to Chinese culture .Fu tried to study the development of Chinese culture and the evolution of Chinese ideology from a historical perspective,focusing on″Reason of History″instead of″Reason of Rationality .″Regarding cultural heritages as materials instead of thoughts,Fu believed that historiography purported to sort out historical materials rather than to support or suppress a movement or thought .Meng,on the other hand,believed that the history of China is systematic and coherent and its development was directed by a certain rationality .He thought it impossible to understand the true spirits of Chinese history and culture without the knowledge of Confucianism and classical studies .With a special focus on the preliminary stage of Chinese culture in terms of its active forces,mutual integration and exchanges,Fu tried to examine the Confucianization of Pre-Qin thoughts in Han Dynasty,especially the moralization and mystification of″Humanity″in the hope of rebuilding the rationality of Confucianism in terms of″Zizhi″(self-control) and″Gewu″(obtaining knowledge by investigation of things) as aspired by Xun Zi and Zhu Zi . On the basis of the doctrines of Confucius and Mencius,Meng tried to find the coherence of Chinese culture and to expound ″Jinwen″in terms of its revolutionary ideals and system construction . Both Fu and Meng hoped to rebuild the origin of Chinese culture and the academic tradition on the basis of the laws of historical development and″concept and entity .″With the studies of ancient China as the form,they searched for the″truth″and consequently developed different paths to understanding the development of Chinese civilization .The rise and prosperity of the theories and doctrines of China and the West have their own backgrounds,traditions and corresponding ways of system construction .The theories and systems are tested and modified by history,while the development of history is in turn influence by theories and doctrines .Our study of how the scholars of the Republic of China reconstructed the relationship of cultural doctrines and historical facts in order to reconstruct a system of Chinese civilization is based on Fu and Meng's disagreement on historiography and classical studies .We take this as the starting point to show the world the true spirit of Chinese culture in the hope that this may ultimately realize the shift of the academic mainstream from″systemizing cultural heritage with science″to ″systemizing science with cultural heritage .″