政府自利性:问题与对策

政府代表公共利益是其不可推卸的职责,与此同时,政府追求自身利益也是不容忽视的客观事实.由此可知,政府是具有公利性和自利性的矛盾统一体.当"官意与民意"相左、"公意与私意"背离时,政府的自利性与公利性就会出现严重的不兼容,政府自利性的消极影响随之显现出来.政府自利性的消极影响主要表现为政府在承担其职能时将会根据自身的利益偏好而行动,从而导致政府实有职能的扩张和应有职能的萎缩等问题.这些问题的最终解决有赖于建立以报酬激励和晋升激励为导向的功绩制、以适薪养廉为依托的薪金制、以及以约束为基础的权力平衡和制约机制.即建立健全兼容的激励机制和高效的约束机制,是解决政府自利性问题的基本制度安排.

The Government Self-interest:Problems and Solutions

As known to us all, the government must act on behalf of the common benefit, which is the (government) originates on law. However, the government not only is the delegate of the common benefit, but (also) is the delegate of the self benefit. Moreover, the government selfishness is gathering people's eyes (because) of many serious problems coming from it. More and more scholars, as well as more and more common people are paying much attention to this point. The government selfishness can put plenty of bad influences on its function essentially and severely. These influences will result in expandization of the being government function and shrinkage of the ought-to-be government function. What to do and how to do when we confront these problems? First, we should set up Achievement System that is based on governments' or civil servants' hard-working, service quality and working abilities; at the same time, we should give up Governmental-deed System that is only depended on GDP's increasing quantity and speed. Beacause officials can be made by digits, most of the local governments have a good dream of GDP's speedily growing-up. We know exactly that GDP's growth doesn't mean a true development of the (economy). Consequently, a governmernt that is busy circling with its GDP is not a good one. Second, we should set up Salary System that is based on adequate payment so as to keep the government honest; and, we should give up High-welfare System that is based on non-money income. The current (Institution) of China Civil Servant, characterized by its low money income and high non-money income, can't adapt to the developing and developed situation. In the past China Civil Servant is the cheapest one in the world, but the cost of the Institution of China Civil Servant is the most expensive one in the world owing to its astonishing high-welfare and hundreds of government cor-ruption. Futhermore, we should set up Constraint System that is based on public power's inter-supervision. These systems will make up a set of institutions that can lead to a double-won result, that is to say, the public benefit and the private benefit of the government as well as her servants can grow together peacefully, compatably and healthily. The government's benefit includes public and private benefit. Therefore, the government is a (controdictory) unit. How to make those two benefits maximize? We maintain that it is the fundmental way to set up a series of Compatble Incentive Institutions. This is our conclusion.