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中国社会保障制度的城乡差异及统筹改革思路
引用本文:杨翠迎.中国社会保障制度的城乡差异及统筹改革思路[J].浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版),2004,34(3):12-20.
作者姓名:杨翠迎
作者单位:浙江大学,农业现代化与农村发展研究中心,浙江,杭州,310029
基金项目:教育部科技攻关项目,中国博士后科学基金
摘    要:中国城乡社会保障制度在保障模式、管理体制及保障水平等方面存在着巨大差异,其结构严重失衡,功能严重扭曲.而导致城乡社会保障制度结构失衡及功能扭曲的根源,在于中国的社会保障制度产生于计划经济体制的基础上,且与社会生产系统紧密结合,无法在城乡之间发挥再分配的调节作用.中国现行社会保障制度不但不能适应经济改革的需要,反而对社会经济的全面发展具有严重的负面影响,因此,现行中国社会保障制度迫切需要统筹城乡改革.当前城市社会保障制度改革的重点,在于优化和调整社会保障项目,适时控制社会保障水平;农村社会保障工作的重点在于加强制度建设,提高社会保障水平.

关 键 词:社会保障制度  差异性  统筹改革  城市  农村  
文章编号:1008-942X(2004)03-0012-09
修稿时间:2004年1月8日

On the Difference and Coordination of the Social Security System in the Urban and Rural Areas of China
YANG Cui-ying.On the Difference and Coordination of the Social Security System in the Urban and Rural Areas of China[J].Journal of Zhejiang University(Humanities and Social Sciences),2004,34(3):12-20.
Authors:YANG Cui-ying
Abstract:There has existed a greatly different and unbalanced social security system between the urban and rural areas of China for decades, which has induced the contorted function of social security and has been proven to block the development of society and economy in both rural and urban areas. The analysis in the aspects of security mode, administration system and security level of the social security system of China shows that the difference, unbalance and contorted function in social security between rural and urban areas result from the planned economy system of China. Under such a system, this social security system mixes with social production system and cannot regulate the redistribution among industries or between urban and rural areas. The existing social security system which separates the rural area from the urban area in China, not only fails to adapt to the development of market economy and the requirement of the economic reform, but also exerts some very negative influence on the all-round growth of social economy. The influence is mainly as follows: (1) failure to provide farmers with the basic treatment of social security, which demonstrates the great social inequality; (2) the contorted function of income redistribution of the existing social security system, which widens the income gap between urban and rural residents; (3) failure of the existing social security system to cover all laborers, which hinders the furthering of economic reform; and (4) the existing separate social security system, which is harmful to ensure the coordinated development in the urban and rural areas. Therefore, in the new situation of social changes and economic transformation, it is inevitable and imperative that the urban social security system and rural social security system will develop. At present, the reform of the urban social security system in China should focus on the adjustment and optimization of social security items, the proper control of social security level (according to the conditions of developing social economy and social security fund), and the widening of the coverage of social security (for example, migrant rural workers). In addition, due attention should be paid to improve the social security system in providing for the aged, medical treatment and salvation, and combating poverty with a view to increasing the level of social security.
Keywords:social security system  difference  coordination  urban  rural
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