基于组织间学习的产学研知识联盟协同创新机理——来自企业的实证研究

聚焦知识共享模式和组织间学习共同对企业创新绩效产生影响的过程，探究基于组织间学习的产学研知识联盟协同创新机理，研究发现：（1）知识共享模式与组织间学习均对企业创新绩效具有显著的正向效应。（2）知识共享模式中的个体—个体模式、组织—个体模式通过组织间学习影响企业创新绩效的中介效应，得到了实证研究的支持。其中，个体—个体模式的中介效应部分成立，组织—个体模式的中介效应完全成立，而组织—组织模式通过组织间学习中的知识获取影响企业创新绩效的中介效应完全成立。（3）值得注意的是，尽管知识共享模式中的个体—个体模式及组织—个体模式对组织间学习分别有显著和极显著的正向影响，但知识共享中的组织—组织模式对组织间学习中的知识创造有不显著的负向影响。

Collaborative Innovation Mechanism of Industry-University-Institute Knowledge Alliance Based on Inter-organizational Learning: An Empirical Study on Enterprises

How to promote the collaborative innovation of Industry-University-Institute knowledge alliance is an academic focus and a realistic problem. This article explores the collaborative innovation mechanism of Industry-University-Institute knowledge alliance from the enterprise perspective. This article draws the following conclusions: (1) The individual-individual mode and the organization-individual mode in knowledge sharing modes have extremely significant positive effects on enterprises' innovative performance, and the organization-organization mode in knowledge sharing modes has a very significantly positive effect on enterprises' innovative performance. The enterprises in Industry-University-Institute knowledge alliance can promote their innovation performance through knowledge sharing. although scholars in knowledge management field have reached a consensus for it, there is few literature which classify knowledge sharing modes and validate the effect of different modes of knowledge sharing on enterprise's innovation performance based on empirical study. This article examines the degree of positive effect by analyzing 326 valid questionnaires, the result of which bridges the research gaps. (2) Theinter-organizational learning has an extremely significant positive effect on enterprises' innovative performance. The empirical result of this study provides a theoretical support for an increasingly collaborative innovation practice among Industry-University-Institute knowledge alliance. However, it is important to note that the individual-individual mode and the organization-individual mode in knowledge sharing modes respectively have significant and extremely significant positive effects on inter-organizational learning, but the organization-organization mode in knowledge sharing modes has a negative effect on knowledge creation in inter-organizational learning. The negative effect is not significant, but its reason should be explored further. Based on the perspective of resource and transaction cost, the Industry-University-Institute knowledge alliance just provides the opportunities of acquiring external knowledge for every organization, but whether it can take advantage of these opportunities for creating knowledge depends on the synergy of cultural identity, communication mechanism, interest mechanism, absorption capacity and ecological environment in alliance. The individual-individual mode and the organization-individual mode have higher flexibility, they are seldom affected by the above factors, hence more likely to help acquire and create knowledge. (3) The intermediary effect of inter-organizational learning in the relationship between the individual-individual mode in knowledge sharing modes and enterprises' innovative performance is partly established, the intermediary effect of inter-organizational learning in the relationship between the organization-individual mode in knowledge sharing modes and enterprises' innovative performance and the intermediary effect of the knowledge acquisition in inter-organizational learning in the relationship between the organization-organization mode in knowledge sharing modes and enterprises' innovative performance are fully established. The study conclusion proves that knowledge transfer parties in the Industry-University-Institute knowledge alliance can promote the innovation performance through inter-organizational learning; however, it has discovered that lacks extent and depth to some extend. The collaborative innovation of Industry-University-Institute knowledge alliance fails to improve enterprises' innovative performance based on the organization-organization mode and through knowledge creation.